API 571 Certification (Corrosion & Materials) Practice Test

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Which material is at risk for hydrogen embrittlement when cold worked or welded?

Carbon steel
Aluminum alloy
Titanium alloy
Duplex stainless steel

The correct answer is: Carbon steel

Hydrogen embrittlement is a phenomenon that occurs when metals absorb hydrogen, leading to a reduction in ductility and load-bearing capacity, which can result in unexpected failure. Carbon steel is particularly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, especially after processes like cold working or welding. In the context of carbon steel, cold working can introduce microstructural changes and dislocations which can provide more sites for hydrogen to be absorbed. Welding introduces heat, which can create regions of high hardness in the heat-affected zone; if hydrogen is present during or after welding, it can diffuse into these areas, increasing the risk of cracking or failure. Other materials listed may have varying degrees of sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement, but carbon steel is well-documented as a material that is significantly affected, making it a prime candidate for hydrogen-related concerns in industrial applications.